Federal Reserve Economic Data

The FRED® Blog

Houses sold, newly started, and for sale: Cycles in housing activity

The FRED Blog has discussed how mortgage interest rates affect decisions in the housing market and how the construction of new housing slowed down after the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis. Today we examine the cycles in sales and new construction.

The FRED graph above shows the percent change from the preceding year in the quarterly number of new single-family houses sold (the orange bars) and in the number of housing starts (the blue bars), which represent new single-family homes under construction. You do not see much of a difference between the two sets of bars because growth in house sales frequently coincides with new housing construction—a.k.a, housing starts. That suggests that a booming (or contracting) housing market rapidly increases (or decreases) new residential building activity.

But building a new house is a time-consuming endeavor and it takes several months to finish a construction project and put a new house on the market. The FRED graph above compares growth in housing starts (again in blue) to growth in the number of single-family homes for sale (the red bars). Now you can see each set of bars more distinctively because there is a lag between the timing of expansions and contractions in new home starts and the listing of homes for sale. On average, the peak in the number of homes put up for sale is recorded approximately a year after the peak in new building activity.

How these graphs were created: Search for and select “New One Family Houses Sold: United States.” From the “Edit Graph” menu, use the “Add Line” tab to search for “Privately Owned Housing Starts: 1-Unit Structures.” From the “Edit Line 1” tab, select units “Percent Change from Year Ago” and click on “Copy to all.” From the “Modify frequency:” drop-down menu, select “Quarterly.” Repeat this step for Line 2. Last, from the “Format” tab, select “Graph type: Bar” and choose colors to taste. For the second graph, repeat the above steps but add “New One Family Homes for Sale in the United States” as the second line.

Suggested by Diego Mendez-Carbajo.

View on FRED, series used in this post: HNFSEPUSSA, HOUST1F, HSN1F

Measuring the stress in the rental industry

Census data show a drop, a big drop, then some recovery for rental space

The pandemic has tormented many sectors of the economy. The sector we highlight today is rental companies, whose income is captured in the Quarterly Services Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau.

This survey covers only a sample of the rental sector: businesses that employ workers but not, for example, individual landlords. Also, the space being rented may be apartments, residential houses, or commercial real estate. But these data can still be a good proxy for the entire real estate rental industry.

What’s clear from the FRED graph above is that income in this sector has dropped considerably during the pandemic. It was obvious that there would be effects from the nationwide eviction moratorium for unpaid rent. It is unclear, though, whether this is the only mechanism at work here, as there are also reports of substantial moves from rented apartments to owned houses. Regardless, this drop in rental income is unprecedented. The sector is recuperating now, and we’ll be watching to see when it returns to its pre-pandemic level.

But the graph shows something more: Rental income actually started declining in the fourth quarter of 2019, before anyone knew about COVID-19. So, there may be more to the story here than the pandemic. (And no, this decline isn’t due to a seasonal effect: These data are already seasonally adjusted. In fact, the unadjusted data are usually highest in the fourth quarter.)

How this graph was created: Search for “rental income” and pick the series you want displayed.

Suggested by Christian Zimmermann.

View on FRED, series used in this post: REV53TMSA


Back to Top