Federal Reserve Economic Data

The FRED® Blog

Measuring the stress in the rental industry

Census data show a drop, a big drop, then some recovery for rental space

The pandemic has tormented many sectors of the economy. The sector we highlight today is rental companies, whose income is captured in the Quarterly Services Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau.

This survey covers only a sample of the rental sector: businesses that employ workers but not, for example, individual landlords. Also, the space being rented may be apartments, residential houses, or commercial real estate. But these data can still be a good proxy for the entire real estate rental industry.

What’s clear from the FRED graph above is that income in this sector has dropped considerably during the pandemic. It was obvious that there would be effects from the nationwide eviction moratorium for unpaid rent. It is unclear, though, whether this is the only mechanism at work here, as there are also reports of substantial moves from rented apartments to owned houses. Regardless, this drop in rental income is unprecedented. The sector is recuperating now, and we’ll be watching to see when it returns to its pre-pandemic level.

But the graph shows something more: Rental income actually started declining in the fourth quarter of 2019, before anyone knew about COVID-19. So, there may be more to the story here than the pandemic. (And no, this decline isn’t due to a seasonal effect: These data are already seasonally adjusted. In fact, the unadjusted data are usually highest in the fourth quarter.)

How this graph was created: Search for “rental income” and pick the series you want displayed.

Suggested by Christian Zimmermann.

View on FRED, series used in this post: REV53TMSA

Pandemic-related initial claims for unemployment assistance

FRED now offers data on pandemic-related initial claims for unemployment assistance. An initial claim is filed by an employee with the state employment agency after losing her/his job. A pandemic-related initial claim is filed by an employee covered under the expanded eligibility criteria specific to the pandemic.

The Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) program is funded through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which temporarily expanded unemployment insurance eligibility to workers not usually eligible for regular unemployment compensation or extended benefits: e.g., self-employed workers, freelancers, independent contractors, and part-time workers impacted by the pandemic.

The number of these claims varies dramatically from week to week and from state to state. Here, the data show percent changes from November 14, 2020, to November 21, 2020. The dark red indicates a state where the number of these initial claims increased in that week, and the light red indicates a state where the number remained constant or decreased.

For these dates, the PAU-related initial claims grew by 646% in Maine, remained unchanged in Mississippi, and fell to zero in Minnesota.

How this map was created: The original post referenced an interactive map from our now discontinued GeoFRED site. The revised post provides a replacement map from FRED’s new mapping tool. To create FRED maps, go to the data series page in question and look for the green “VIEW MAP” button at the top right of the graph. See this post for instructions to edit a FRED map. Only series with a green map button can be mapped.

Suggested by Diego Mendez-Carbajo and Maria Arias.

In mid-2020, the least wealthy gained the most net worth

The FRED Blog has discussed how the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the net worth of households. To recap: Your net worth is the difference between the value of your assets and the value of your liabilities. When the value of your assets decreases while the value of your liabilities stays constant, your net worth becomes smaller.

The ALFRED graph above shows that the largest reduction in household net worth during the first quarter of 2020 occurred for the wealthiest 1% of households. The high volatility of financial markets during that period and the differences in the distribution of total assets across different classes of households can help explain that.*

The same ALFRED graph also shows that, during the second quarter of 2020, household net worth increased all around, this time with the largest gains among the bottom 50% of households.

Given the large reduction in economic activity recorded during that time, this rebound is remarkable. Faster growth in home prices and the large accumulation of real estate assets among the least wealthy can help explain this gain in net worth. Also, much of the gains in asset values comes from expectations of higher future incomes, which may not correlate with current income nowadays.

*This post shows an ALFRED graph to display the data available at the time of writing. For the latest data, see this graph.

How this graph was created: From FRED’s main page, browse data by “Release.” Search for “Distributional Financial Accounts” and click on “Levels of Wealth by Wealth Percentile Groups.” From the table, select the “Total Net Worth” series held by each of the four wealth quantiles and click “Add to Graph.” Use “Edit Line 1” to change the graph units by selecting “Units: Percent change” and clicking “Copy to All.” Last, edit the graph “Format” by selecting “Graph type: Bars” and choosing colors to taste.

Suggested by Diego Mendez-Carbajo.

View on FRED, series used in this post: WFRBLB50107, WFRBLN09053, WFRBLN40080, WFRBLT01026


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