Federal Reserve Economic Data

The FRED graph above tracks the price of eggs. Specifically, a dozen large grade A chicken eggs, in U.S. dollars, for each month since January 2021.

This graph is a histogram, otherwise known as a bar graph, so the length of each bar represents the full price. Merely glancing at the heights of the bars shows us that the price fluctuates over time, with a low of $1.47 and a high of $2.52 as of April. This runny volatility is why food prices, along with energy prices, are often excluded from monetary policy analysis.

Cracking open this first concept is fairly simple, but the FRED Blog team hatched the idea of asking another question: What would the graph look like if we purchased that same carton of eggs with bitcoins instead of U.S. dollars? The graph below shows this. Because a bitcoin is worth so much more than a carton of eggs, we multiplied the price by 100 million to express it in so-called satoshis, which is the smallest subunit of bitcoin.

The price fluctuates quite a bit, between 2829 and 6086, which is much more than it did for the U.S. dollar price. Plus, you’d need to add a bitcoin transaction fee, which has been about $2 lately, but which can spike above $50 on occasion. Hopefully, if you were making this purchase with bitcoin, you’d put many many more eggs in your basket.

How these graphs were created: First graph: Search FRED for “price of eggs”; the series we use should appear at the top of the results. Restrict the sample period to start in January 2021. From the “Edit Graph” panel, use the “Format” tab to choose “Bar” as the graph type. Second graph: Take the first and add a series to the first line by searching for and selecting “bitcoin price” and applying formula a/b*100000000.

Suggested by Christian Zimmermann.

This post falls on February 14, Valentine’s Day, and our thoughts turn sweet. Specifically, to chocolate.

Chocolate is ubiquitous and delicious and sometimes frivolous, especially while strolling through the “impulse purchase” lanes of the supermarket. But chocolate can be of major importance to those who produce it, in particular to those who produce its raw material, cocoa.

The largest exporter of cocoa is Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in West Africa. Cocoa beans and cocoa derivatives represent close to 40% of the exports for this country of 26 million residents. Cocoa matters a lot to Côte d’Ivoire.

The FRED graph above shows a couple of things:

1. The price of cocoa is quite volatile, which happens with primary commodities. But price volatility can have big effects on economies that depend on that production.
2. For cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire, we see that higher prices help reduce the country’s public debt. Of course, many other factors affect the public debt, such as other economic activity, debt conditions, and financial markets.

As you enjoy your chocolate, take a moment to consider its economic impact. And the sweetness of FRED data.

How this graph was created: Search FRED for “cocoa price.” From the graph, click on “Edit Graph,” open the “Add Line” tab, and search for and select “Cote d’Ivoire debt.” Use the “Format” tab to move the y-axis for the second line to the right side. Restrict the sample period to when data are available for both lines.

Suggested by Christian Zimmermann.